5 Questions with Sonia Alhili, Technical Service Laboratory Manager, Neogen

1. Why is allergen control a critical preventive control in food safety programs?

Allergen control mitigates the risk of unintended cross-contact, which remains a leading cause of recalls due to the absence of a “kill step” for allergenic proteins. Verification of sanitation effectiveness is essential because allergens persist unless physically removed. High-risk shared-equipment operations rely on validated cleaning to prevent trace-level carryover.

2. What are the key components of an effective allergen testing program?

A technically sound program includes validated cleaning SOPs, risk-based sampling design and analytical methods appropriate to the allergen source and process. Specific tests (ELISA/LFD) provide targeted detection for validation and routine verification, while nonspecific tools support broader assessments on multi-allergen lines. Documentation of acceptance criteria, test sensitivity, personnel training and corrective action procedures can help ensure the program is effective, consistent and scientifically defensible.

3. How should facilities determine where and how often to conduct allergen testing?

Sampling frequency and site selection should be risk based, considering hygienic zoning (Zones 1–4), equipment design, cleaning difficulty, historical positives and cross-contact risk. High-risk Zone 1 sites and hard-to-clean areas require more frequent testing (weekly or after allergen changeovers). Medium-risk sites may be tested monthly, while low-risk areas may be monitored monthly, quarterly or annually. All frequencies must be documented in the food safety plan.

4. What sampling and testing practices help ensure reliable allergen results?

Reliable allergen results depend on a risk-based sampling plan that targets high-risk areas and worst-case conditions, supported by standardized, aseptic sampling techniques. Validated analytical methods appropriate for the product and processing conditions are essential for accurate, defensible results. Consistent sampling timing, proper sample handling and routine data trending help ensure reliable interpretation, timely response to positives and continuous improvement of the allergen control program.

5. How can allergen testing data support risk reduction and continuous improvement?

Trend analysis helps identify recurring issues such as harborage sites, cleaning gaps or equipment design limitations. When allergen data is evaluated alongside ATP, indicator organisms and other verification results, it provides insight to cleaning system performance. These insights guide targeted adjustments to sampling frequency, SOPs and equipment design, strengthening preventive controls and driving ongoing program improvement.